• Although oxidative stress induces a decrease

  2022-08-11

  

  Although oxidative stress induces a decrease in intracellular ATP level, the underlying mechanism is obscured. We hypothesized that oxidative stress induced by H2O2 could decrease astrocytes ATP level through lysosome exocytosis in Ca2+-dependent pattern. In present study, using H2O2 stimulation to

• The Jumonji JmjC domain containing KDM family members

  2022-08-11

  

  The Jumonji (JmjC) domain-containing KDM family members can be clustered into seven subfamilies (KDM2 – KDM8). The KDM2 cluster catalyzes H3K36me2/me1 demethylation; in addition, KDM2B/JHDM1B/FBXL10 has been suggested to catalyze demethylation of H3K4me3 [3]. Cell culture studies support that KDM2 p

• Introduction Histone is the core component of chromatin and

  2022-08-11

  

  Introduction Histone is the core component of chromatin and histone modification is one of the key mechanisms of epigenetic regulation (Bannister and Kouzarides, 2011). Amino Firefly Luciferase mRNA sale residues on histone tails can be modified under different mechanisms including acetylation, me

• br Acknowledgement The work was supported by

  2022-08-11

  

  6. Acknowledgement The work was supported by the NSFC through Grant Nos. 11535016 and 11475232. It was also supported by CAS. The authors thank their collaborators for beneficial discussions and enthusiastic supports in the simulations and calculations. Introduction Hypoxia-inducible factors

• We have confirmed that HO

  2022-08-11

  

  We have confirmed that HO-2 suppressed TLR4/MyD88-dependent signaling by down-regulating the downstream factors (TNF-α and IL-6) in mouse cerebral vascular endothelial cells [13]. In this study, HO-2 overexpression mouse model was generated and to investigated the role of HO-2 in macrophage inflamma

• Intestinal epithelium renewal is tightly controlled by Hedge

  2022-08-11

  

  Intestinal epithelium renewal is tightly controlled by Hedgehog genes. Three Hedgehog genes are highly conserved in mouse and human, including Sonic hedgehog (Shh), Indian hedgehog (Ihh), and Desert hedgehog (Dhh) [13]. Hedgehogs bind to Patched (PTCH) [[14], [15], [16]], which unlike conventional r

• Cux is a cell cycle dependent

  2022-08-11

  

  Cux1 is a LB Agar Miller dependent transcription repressor that is aberrantly expressed in the Pkd1 null, Pkd1CD, and cpk mouse models of PKD, as well as in human ADPKD cells (Vanden Heuvel et al., 1996; Sharma et al., 2005; Paul et al., 2011; Alcalay et al., 2008). In Pkd1 null mice and in human A

• Recently an increasing number of studies have highlighted th

  2022-08-11

  

  Recently, an increasing number of studies have highlighted the crucial role of nociceptive factors produced by microglia under neuropathic pain conditions (Mika et al., 2013; Popiolek-Barczyk and Mika, 2016). iNOS is an important pronociceptive factor that is strictly expressed by microglia/macropha

• br Methods and materials br

  2022-08-11

  

  Methods and materials Acknowledgements The authors thank the NIH AIDS Reagent Program for providing the materials and reagents. The HIV-1 1084i envelope gene was a generous gift from Dr. Charles Wood. This work was supported in part by grants to S.-H. X. from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundat

• Na K ATPase adenosine triphosphate

  2022-08-10

  

  Na+/K+-ATPase, TNP-ATP triethylammonium salt australia and astrocytic glutamate transporters act together to maintain sodium and potassium gradients and the proper activities of EAAT1 and EAAT2 (Rose et al., 2009; Sheean et al., 2013); nevertheless, in present study, Na+/K+-ATPase activity was show

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Aminoacyl

  2022-08-10

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the formation of an ester bond between an amino mao inhibitor and the 3′ end of a tRNA in a two-step reaction. First, the amino acid is activated and an enzyme-bound adenylate intermediate is formed. Then, the amino acid is tran

• 4 68 In summary this study demonstrated the cDNA cloning

  2022-08-10

  

  In summary, this study demonstrated the cDNA cloning and characterization of the galanin type II receptor (GalR2) and a novel GalR2-like receptor (GalR2-L) in chickens, in which these two receptors are possibly originated from a gene 4 68 event that occurred in the early vertebrate lineage. Results

• Hypocotyl development is a crucial phase of early

  2022-08-10

  

  Hypocotyl development is a crucial phase of early vegetative growth that influences seedling vigor contributing to fitness and productivity of a plant system (Stinchcombe and Schmitt, 2006; Luo et al., 2017). The development of a hypocotyl is characterized by an initial slow growth phase followed by

• According to its major function as master regulator of BA

  2022-08-10

  

  According to its major function as master regulator of BA homeostasis, FXR has been shown to have a specific tissue distribution; it is expressed along the entire gastrointestinal tract with a peak in the liver and ileum, as well as in the kidney, and adrenal glands [30], [66], [135]. Low FXR expres

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgments The research

  2022-08-10

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgments The research was funded by the Major Programs of Pharmaceutical research project of Jiangsu Province (Q2018044). Introduction Lipids are important regulators of cell death. In mammalian cells, both apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death pathways can be

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