• Hexokinases HXKs are major regulatory enzymes in sugar metab

  2022-10-02

  

  Hexokinases (HXKs) are major regulatory enzymes in sugar metabolism and in sugar sensing in plants (Claeyssen and Rivoal, 2007, Granot et al., 2013, Sheen, 2014, Aguilera-Alvarado and Sánchez-Nieto, 2017). HXK can phosphorylate both glucose and fructose to respective hexose-6-phosphates as a first s

• Recent evidence suggests that HCA

  2022-10-01

  

  Recent evidence suggests that HCA2 can also mediate antineuroinflammatory effects [63]. Studies in this field were initiated when monomethyl fumarate, the metabolite of DMF, was shown to be an agonist of HCA2[5]. DMF at the same time was shown to not only have beneficial effects in the treatment of

• Limited efforts were made to exploit

  2022-10-01

  

  Limited efforts were made to exploit the naturally-occurring antigen-specific Treg for ex vivo expansion. This study sets up a reproducible protocol for the expansion of insulin-specific Treg isolated from NOD mice. These ana 2 exhibited higher suppressive capacity compared to the polyclonal Treg a

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion To

  2022-10-01

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion To fulfill its role in tissue homeostasis, repair and immunoregulation, MSCs must be able to (i) renew themselves by cell division and proliferation, (ii) migrate to its target end-site in response to chemotaxis signals and (iii) undergo appropriate

• First class II fusion proteins

  2022-09-30

  

  First, class II fusion proteins are known to transition from a (homo- or hetero-) pre-fusion dimer to a post-fusion trimer [57], [58], [59], [60], [61], [62] through a monomeric intermediate [63], [64], and a crystalline structure of a monomer of Rift Valley fever virus (a phlebovirus, member of the

• We were able to obtain

  2022-09-30

  

  We were able to obtain several crystalline forms of CHAV Gth. The first one corresponded to the post-fusion conformation [14]. The comparison of this structure with that of VSV-Gth post-fusion conformation revealed that the PHD is the most divergent domain, with the largest differences confined to t

• In this study we also profiled the expression of the

  2022-09-30

  

  In this study, we also profiled the expression of the transporters in wild-type RBL-2H3 cells, RBL-2H3 Sc98 cells, and rat peritoneal mast cells. OCT1 and PMAT were expressed at high levels in both RBL-2H3 Sc98 and RBL-2H3 cells. However, OCT2 and OCT3 were weakly or least detected in RBL-2H3 Sc98 c

• To assess whether this coupling

  2022-09-30

  

  To assess whether this coupling mechanisms might operate also in a native system of untransfected cells, we select a cell line SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma that is known to express both the dopamine transporter and the M-currents (Jiang et al., 2004; Wickenden et al., 2008). These experiments were performe

• The bioconversion of inositol from glucose was anticipated n

  2022-09-30

  

  The bioconversion of inositol from glucose was anticipated nearly a century ago and later confirmed by isotope tracing methods [[22], [23]]. This biosynthesis of inositol involves three sequentially acting enzymes: Firstly, ATP-dependent glucokinase converts glucose to glucose-6-phosphate (G-6P) [[2

• br Vertebrate steroid receptor evolution br Conclusion

  2022-09-30

  

  Vertebrate steroid receptor evolution Conclusion The teleost WGD event resulted in the duplication of the vertebrate GR and MR and two GRs have been retained in the majority of teleost fish studied so far. The molecular basis for this retention has yet to be fully understood. The cloning of th

• As cardiovascular disease accounts for the

  2022-09-30

  

  As cardiovascular disease accounts for the majority of deaths in subjects with T2D, it is imperative that we better characterize the cardiovascular risks and benefits of the various therapies we prescribe to these individuals to control their glycemia. Indeed, the potential to identify subsets of di

• The mechanism underlying the anorectic effect of OXM

  2022-09-30

  

  The mechanism underlying the anorectic effect of OXM is well established. It is centrally mediated via GLP-1 receptor activation, confirmed by both pharmacological blockade of the GLP-1 receptor, and using GLP-1 receptor knock-out mice [2], [11], [12]. However, the mechanism by which it increases en

• Moxifloxacin HCl In the gastrointestinal GI tract CART expre

  2022-09-30

  

  In the gastrointestinal (GI) tract CART expression has been described in the enteric nervous system in rats (Ekblad et al., 2003), pigs (Wierup et al., 2007), sheep (Arciszewski et al., 2009), guinea pigs (Ellis and Mawe, 2003) and humans (Kasacka et al., 2012). Less is known about CART expression i

• Z-LEHD-FMK br Biologically active non peptide galanin recept

  2022-09-30

  

  Biologically active non-peptide galanin receptor ligands The first successful attempt in overcoming these weaknesses was undertaken by Saar et al. (2002). Screening of galanin sequence established that Trp-2, Asn-5, Tyr-9 were pharmacophores, responsible for biochemical action of the peptide. Bas

• Oxybutynin Some clinical reports have suggested that galanin

  2022-09-30

  

  Some clinical reports have suggested that galanin has a role in the neurobiology of mood disorders [[6], [7], [8], [9], [10]]. In behavioral studies, contradictory results have been reported [11,12]. For example, systemic administration of non-selective galanin receptor agonists, such as galmic [13]

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