• Histamine functions as a key neurotransmitter in

  2022-09-21

  

  Histamine functions as a key neurotransmitter in multiple circuits to control various behaviors. In Drosophila photoreceptor, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide is produced de novo by histidine decarboxylase (Burg et al., 1993); meanwhile, maintaining normal histamine content also depen

• FFAR is highly expressed not only in cells

  2022-09-21

  

  FFAR1 is highly expressed not only in β cells but also in α GSK343 (Segerstolpe et al., 2016), which gives the interesting perspective that 20-HETE may function both as an autocrine and as a paracrine regulator of islet cell function (Figure 1A), i.e., acting in symphony with the many other intra-is

• Boswellia papyrifera Del Hochst mostly grows in

  2022-09-21

  

  Boswellia papyrifera (Del.) Hochst., mostly grows in Sudanian and Sahelian regions and their oleo-gum resin is used medically in treatment of rheumatism, menorrhagia, amenorrhoea, vaginal infections, ulcers, sores, polyuria, syphilis, bronchitis, scrofulous affections, inflammations, asthma, diarrhe

• br Acknowledgements This work was

  2022-09-21

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [grant number GM024417]. Introduction In mammals, glucose is the major energy substrate supporting conceptus development after PP 3 formation [1,2]. While the equine morula uses similar amounts of pyruvate and gluc

• br Experimental Procedures br Acknowledgments This work

  2022-09-21

  

  Experimental Procedures Acknowledgments This work was supported by NIH/National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) R00 HG006922 and NIH/NHGRI R01 HG008974 (to J.G.), the Huntsman Cancer Institute, and the Women’s Cancers Disease-Oriented Team at the Huntsman Cancer Institute. Research rep

• In the present study five Glu substituted analogues of GIP

  2022-09-21

  

  In the present study, five Glu3-substituted analogues of GIP, namely (Ala3)GIP, (Lys3)GIP, (Phe3)GIP, (Trp3)GIP and (Tyr3)GIP, were synthesised and tested for DPP-IV resistance and biological activity both in vitro and in vivo. The properties of these analogues were compared with native GIP and (Pro

• Taken together our results show

  2022-09-21

  

  Taken together, our results show that, at least in the in vitro cell line model, methylation within the proximal promoter region of GHSR is an important determinant of its expression; however, to determine whether this represents a physiologically and or pathophysiologically relevant event, further

• In terms of stimulation oxytocin dopamine

  2022-09-21

  

  In terms of stimulation, oxytocin, dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline and glucagon have all been reported to increase ghrelin secretion (Mundinger et al., 2006, Iwakura et al., 2011, de la Cour et al., 2007, Gagnon and Anini, 2013). Stimulatory effects on ghrelin secretion have also been observed w

• Primarily because secretase was a therapeutic

  2022-09-21

  

  Primarily because γ-secretase was a therapeutic target in AD, a plethora of γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) have been developed that effectively inhibit γ-secretase cleavage in humans [16]. Indeed, “druggability” of γ-secretase has not been an issue even when the identity of the target was unknown in

• It is noted that knee swelling

  2022-09-21

  

  It is noted that knee swelling was milder and the intensity of IL-4 staining (MFI) in the vehicle-treated group was lower in the second (Fig. 7a and d) than the first (Figs. 1a and 3f) AIA experiment. The variation in joint swelling between the two studies is most likely due to the models being perf

• Structurally the termini of FGF are critical for effective

  2022-09-21

  

  Structurally, the termini of FGF21 are critical for effective signaling. Progressive amino kn to nm truncation at either end of the protein sequentially impairs FGF21 bioactivity, but via different mechanisms. Shortening at the N-terminus weakens its ability to activate the FGFR/KLB-complex but doe

• br G protein coupled receptor GPR also known

  2022-09-21

  

  G-protein coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), also known as a free fatty (±)-CPSI 1306 synthesis receptor, is dominantly expressed in pancreatic β cells and intestine K, L cells., . Besides, GPR40 is also reported to be expressed in brain, but its function is still unknown. It is well documented that GP

• br Fenton reaction based nanomaterials for

  2022-09-21

  

  Fenton reaction-based nanomaterials for ferroptosis In Fenton reaction, H2O2 is converted by Fe2+ or Fe3+ to highly oxidative ROS (Eqs. (1) and (2)), which is commonly used to catalyze the degradation of refractory organics [34]. Since the tumor microenvironment is characterized by low acidity an

• As an inflammatory mediator histamine plays a pivotal

  2022-09-20

  

  As an inflammatory mediator, histamine plays a pivotal role in nociceptive processes in both the central and peripheral nervous systems (Gemkow et al., 2009; Hough & Rice, 2011; Tiligada et al., 2009). In this respect, the participation of H3Rs in modulating pain, especially neuropathic pain, has at

• br Introduction Adenosine triphosphate ATP

  2022-09-20

  

  Introduction Adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) is an organic molecule (nucleoside triphosphate) which consists of adenine, ribose, and three phosphoric g protein coupled receptors residues. ATP serves as a temporary carrier of energy in all living cells, so it is a common substance in any organism

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