• br The role of apelin in hepatic diseases The

  2023-04-10

  

  The role of apelin in hepatic diseases The involvement of the apelin/APJ system in liver physiology and pathology has been proven in numerous studies (Table 6). For instance, in the experiment of Emam et al. [63] on rats suffering from hepatic injury, apelin decreased the levels of ALT, AST and L

• Since artemisinin shows low solubility and poor oral bioavai

  2023-04-10

  

  Since artemisinin shows low solubility and poor oral bioavailability [8], [9], derivatizations of artemisinin were carried out and yielded different semisynthetic antimalarial drugs such as artemether and sodium artesunate. Artemether (decahydro-10-methoxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,12-epoxy-12H-pyrano [4.3-

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgement This

  2023-04-07

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgement This study was supported by a grant from University Grants Commission - Basic Scientific Research (UGC-BSR), New Delhi, India (UGC-BSR No:F-7-115/2007). Introduction The G protein-coupled receptors activated by extracellular adenosine (Ado), called Aden

• Actin is capable of polymerizing spontaneously However this

  2023-04-07

  

  Actin is capable of polymerizing spontaneously. However, this process is relatively slow and kinetically unfavorable in cells. Formation of 2179 dimers and trimers, which can easily disassemble due to their instability, is a rate-determining step in actin polymerization [5], [6]. The shape and the l

• This study was funded and supported

  2023-04-07

  

  This study was funded and supported by Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services; and Iran National Science Foundation. Introduction The enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) plays a central role in the signal transduction in the nervous system, hydrolyzing the neurotransmitter acet

• As also found by Stolarski et

  2023-04-07

  

  As also found by Stolarski et al. [14], inclusion of N2O in the model is successful in reducing the effect of dynamics [13] in the lower stratosphere in the Northern Hemisphere (30–60°N in our case). The inclusion of N2O also decreased the error bars on the trend values, but the trend values still c

• br Author contributions br Conflict

  2023-04-07

  

  Author contributions Conflict of interest Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81502276), Major Projects of Science and Technology of Health and Family Planning Commission of Hunan Province (A2017013), the Natural Science Foundation o

• br Oxidative microbe killing and V ATPase Oxidative killing

  2023-04-07

  

  Oxidative microbe killing and V-ATPase Oxidative killing of phagocytosed microorganisms is predominately achieved through the uptake of large quantities of molecular oxygen by the infected cell and the activity particularly of the NADPH oxidase complex on phagosomes (Savina et al., 2006) and the

• Tunicamycin br Discussion Hepatic dysfunction in the metabol

  2023-04-06

  

  Discussion Hepatic dysfunction in the metabolic syndrome is a driver of negative patient outcomes that requires more therapeutic options. The complexity of liver alterations in this disease – elevated de novo synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol, reduced clearance of circulating atherogenic L

• The amino acids evaluated in this study represent proteinoge

  2023-04-06

  

  The amino acids evaluated in this study represent proteinogenic (amino acids that are applied in the genetic code) or even essential ones (amino acids that cannot be synthesised by the organism and need to be taken up by nutrition). Tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine, isoleucine, threonine and vali

• br Disclosures br Author contributions br Grants This

  2023-04-06

  

  Disclosures Author contributions Grants This work was supported by National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute MERIT Award R37 HL040696 to J.A.F. Acknowledgments Introduction The AGC kinases, named after the protein A, G and C kinases, are an evolutionaril

• Increasing evidence indicates that ILCs participate in a dia

  2023-04-06

  

  Increasing evidence indicates that ILCs participate in a dialog with CD4+ T Hexamethonium Bromide receptor [107–110]. This dialog is mediated, in part, through the expression of type II major histocompatibility complex (MHCII) molecules on ILC3s [107]. Depending on the expression of co-stimulatory

• It is important to note that

  2023-04-06

  

  It is important to note that stable amnesia is, apparently, a general biological phenomenon and can be found in different animal species. In studies on rats, it was found that if reconsolidation of conditioned olfactory aversion memory was impaired by the antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors, amne

• br LOX in pancreatic cancer LOX is a key

  2023-04-06

  

  5-LOX in pancreatic cancer 5-LOX is a key player in pancreatic cancer (PC) progression. The upregulation of 5-LOX mRNA has been observed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and also in neoplastic pancreatic tissues (Kennedy et al., 2003). Higher levels of 5-LOX transcripts (messengers) are presen

• The reductase family is composed of

  2023-04-06

  

  The 5α-reductase family is composed of three known isozymes, with the types I and II being the most known. Type I isozyme, which is the dominant form, can be found in the skin, liver, kidney, brain and lung. Furthermore, it has been evidenced that type I activity is several times higher in PC than i

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