• In addition to calpain I activity cathepsin activities have

  2024-07-05

  

  In addition to calpain I activity, cathepsin activities have been proven to be linked to apoptotic signaling. Cathepsin B and cathepsin D are two of the most abundant and well-investigated lysosome acid-dependent proteases that are involved in the apoptotic regulation (Ferri & Kroemer, 2001). Cathep

• br Experimental Procedures br Acknowledgments br Introductio

  2024-07-04

  

  Experimental Procedures Acknowledgments Introduction Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity in the ZD 7288 are thought to be involved in memory acquisition. Synaptic plasticity is categorised into two main types, long-term depression (LTD) and long-term potentiati

• br ABCA and cancer drug response Overall

  2024-07-04

  

  ABCA2 and cancer drug response Overall, the expression of ABC transporters has been linked with multidrug resistance phenotypes through the efflux of drugs via ATP-dependent transport. For example, 13 distinct transporters (ABCA2, ABCB1, ABCB4, ABCB11, ABCC1–6 ABCC10, ABCC11 and ABCG2) have been

• br Discussion Here we show

  2024-07-04

  

  Discussion Here, we show opposing effects of iontophoretically administered phenylephrine,aselective α1-AR agonist, on firing of putatively DAergic and non-DAergic neurons recorded in vivo in the VTA of urethane anaesthetized rats. Phenylephrine application caused a relatively weak decrease in fi

• 6-Hydroxydopamine hydrobromide In Antirrhinum floral organ i

  2024-07-03

  

  In Antirrhinum, floral organ identity genes include DEFICIENS (DEF) (Sommer et al., 1990) and GLOBOSA (GLO) (Trobner et al., 1992) required for petal and stamen identity (B-function), PLENA (P) required for stamen and carpel formation (C-function) (Bradley et al., 1993) and SQUAMOSA (SQUA) which is

• The efficacy of antibiotics in improving

  2024-07-03

  

  The efficacy of tetraethylammonium mg in improving smell function has been previously found to be negative, both when used for bacterial and viral infections. Van Zele et al, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study, found no influence of doxycycline treatment on self-reported olfac

• br Conclusions br Transparency document

  2024-07-03

  

  Conclusions Transparency document Acknowledgements This work was supported by a grant from the European Commission FP6 “Neuroprion” – Network of Excellence and Royal Veterinary College Bioveterinary science research project funding. We thank Professor Alun Williams (Cambridge University) fo

• A has been reported to decrease insulin

  2024-07-03

  

  Aβ has been reported to decrease insulin receptors and impair insulin signaling in neurons, preventing phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), downstream of insulin signaling, and to increase phosphorylation of tau protein causing neurofibrillary tangles (Tokutake et al., 20

• PG 01037 dihydrochloride Introduction Alzheimer s disease AD

  2024-07-03

  

  Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurological disorder characterized by a progressive dementia resulting from synapse failure (Selkoe, 2002, Tanzi, 2005). The amyloid hypothesis maintains that the pivotal event in AD is the production of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides following the prote

• Although only Leu CysAP IRAP Herbest et al Keller and

  2024-07-03

  

  Although only Leu/CysAP (IRAP) (Herbest et al., 1997, Keller, 2004) and DPPIV (Alponti and Silveira, 2010, Kirino et al., 2009) had been identified and studied in adipocytes, our kinetic analysis suggested the highest physiological significance for AspAP (highest affinity) and APM and PSA (highest e

• Overexpression of AR in a transgenic

  2024-07-03

  

  Overexpression of AR in a transgenic mouse model leads to a capsular cataract phenotype involving proliferation and formation of a fibrotic plaque of cells reminiscent of cells at the posterior 20 hydroxyecdysone in PCO [17]. To investigate the molecular mechanism that could link AR expression to t

• The results also showed that the A receptor http

  2024-07-02

  

  The results also showed that the A3 receptor agonist increased the phosphorylated levels of Akt, leading to activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. A3 neurotensin receptor stimulation has protective effects against RGC death following ischemia-reperfusion, glutamate toxicity, and optic nerve transectio

• Methyllycaconitine citrate Metformin s pluripotent roles are

  2024-07-02

  

  Metformin's pluripotent roles are alluded to in terms of its antitumorigenic, glucose-lowering, and cardioprotective effects, which are due in part to its upregulation of AMPK activity [39,40]. Metformin's glucose-lowering effect is a result of reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis, whereas improved insul

• br STAR Methods br Author Contributions br Acknowledgments W

  2024-07-02

  

  STAR★Methods Author Contributions Acknowledgments We thank Antony M. Dean for initial discussions and encouragement concerning ancestral sequence reconstruction. We also thank Natalie K. Goto for constructive criticism concerning the manuscript, Steven M. Sine for providing ApexPrep DNA Pla

• br Methods and results ACE is a Canadian

  2024-07-02

  

  Methods and results ACE is a Canadian satellite mission [7] that measures atmospheric Rottlerin spectra in the limb geometry using the Sun as a light source (solar occultation). The ACE orbit (74° inclination to the equator, 650 km altitude) concentrates measurements at high latitudes but also pr

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